1. Introduction. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Alluvial fan hazards. 1.3. Playa lakes. 1.4. Conclusion -- 2. Geologic and hydraulic concepts of arid environments. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Geologic theories of formative processes. 2.3. Flow processes. 2.4. Soils. 2.5. Runoff, infiltration potential, and transmission losses -- 3. Traditional approaches to flood hazard identification and mitigation on alluvial fans. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Background. 3.3. Technical issues regarding the assumptions. 3.4. Implementation of the assumptions. 3.5. An approach to hazard mitigation. 3.6. Conclusion -- 4. New approaches for alluvial fan flood hazard. 4.1. Predicting alluvial fan flooding: background. 4.2. FEMA's three phase approach to alluvial fan flood mapping. 4.3. Alluvial fan flood modeling. 4.4. Important criteria for flood hazard delineation. 4.5. Hazard mapping as a planning tool. 4.6. Flood damage mapping. 4.7. Alluvial fan mitigation measures -- 5. Flood hazard mapping versus flood risk analysis. 5.1. Risk and uncertainty of alluvial fan flooding. 5.2. Stochastic versus deterministic flood hazard assessment. 5.3. Stochastic methods for fan flood hazards. 5.4. Integrating alluvial fan flood hazard mapping and damage assessment -- 6. Playa lake hazards and resources. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Inundation of playas. 6.3. Geologic hazards on playa lakebeds. 6.4. Playas as a water resource: studies in Jordan. 6.5. Conclusions -- 7. Needs and benefits of co-operation. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Identifying the alluvial fan hydrologic apex. 7.3. Watershed delineation. 7.4. History. 7.5. Surficial geology. 7.6. Paleohydrology. 7.7. Aggradation and scour. 7.8. Climate change. 7.9. Planning. 7.10. Summary -- 8. Meeting the challenge. Case study #1: two-dimensional hydraulic modeling for alluvial fan floodplain hazard identification. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Hydraulic model data and assumptions. 8.3. Hydraulic model results. 8.4. Summary and conclusions. Case study #2: numerical modeling of the 2005 La Conchita landslide, Ventura County, California. 8.5. Introduction. 8.6. Background, geology, and kinematics. 8.7. Previous studies of debris flow behavior. 8.8. FLO-2D numerical modeling. 8.9. Summary. Case study #3: Tiger Wash, Western Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. 8.10. Site description. 8.11. Flood history. 8.12. Previous studies. 8.13. Discussion. 8.14. Summary -- 9. Future directions. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. What we know: what we don't know. 9.3. Conclusion.
Alluvial fans are ubiquitous geomorphological features that occur throughout the world, regardless of climate, at the front of mountains as the result of erosion and deposition. They are more prominent in semi- and arid climates simply because of the lack of vegetative cover that masks their fan shapes in more humid areas. From both engineering and geological viewpoints, alluvial fans present particular fluvial and sedimentation hazards in semi- and arid regions because episodic rainfall-runoff events can result in debris, mud, and fluvial flows through complex and, in some cases, migratory channel systems. Further, in semi- and arid climates alluvial fans often end in terminal or playa lakes. Given the uniform topography of playa lakes, these features often present ideal locations for facilities such as airports; however, regardless of the engineering advantages of the topography, the episodic and often long-term flooding of these lakes attracts migratory birds. The purpose of this volume is to summarize the current state-of-the-art, from the viewpoint of engineering, in the identification and mitigation of flood hazard on alluvial fans; and to accomplish this a fundamental understanding of geology is required
Flood hazard identification and mitigation in semi- and arid environments
2012
1 Online-Ressource (xii, 224 p)
ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)
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Includes bibliographical references
Book
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English
DDC: | 627.4 |
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