The invention belongs to the technical field of polar region ship auxiliary icebreaking, and particularly relates to a sharp edge hole venturi type cavitation nozzle for high-pressure water jet icebreaking and a design method of the sharp edge hole venturi type cavitation nozzle. Periodic high-pressure pulse loads are generated in the water jet ice breaking process, the defect that lagging flow pressure loads of a traditional water jet nozzle are low is overcome, periodic instantaneous high-pressure loads are generated on an ice layer through high-speed water jet impact and spraying expansion, contraction and collapse of cavitation cloud, interaction between a mechanical structure and the ice layer does not exist, and the ice breaking efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the cavitation bubbles can absorb part of impact energy, and damage to the ship body and auxiliary mechanical structures of the ship body can be effectively avoided. The damage effect of the ice layer can be adjusted by adjusting the power and flow of the external water pump and the caliber of the replaceable nozzle, the ice breaking device can adapt to different mechanical properties of sea ice of different types and different thicknesses in the actual situation, the ice breaking efficiency can be improved to a certain degree, and the ice breaking energy consumption can be reduced to a certain degree.
本发明属于极地船舶辅助破冰技术领域,具体涉及一种用于高压水射流破冰的锐边孔文丘里型空化喷嘴及其设计方法。本发明在水射流破冰过程中产生周期性高压脉冲载荷,弥补了传统水射流喷头滞后流压力载荷较低的不足,通过高速水射流冲击以及空化云的喷张、收缩与溃灭对冰层造成周期性的瞬时高压载荷,不存在机械结构与冰层的相互作用,同时空化泡也能吸收部分冲击能量,能够有效避免船体及其附属机械结构的损坏。本发明对于冰层的毁伤效果可以通过对外接水泵功率、流量以及可替换喷嘴口径的调整来进行调整,能够适应在实际情况中不同种类、不同厚度海冰所具有的不同的力学特性,能一定程度提高破冰效率、降低破冰能耗。
Sharp edge hole venturi type cavitation nozzle for high-pressure water jet icebreaking and design method of sharp edge hole venturi type cavitation nozzle
一种用于高压水射流破冰的锐边孔文丘里型空化喷嘴及其设计方法
2024-10-22
Patent
Electronic Resource
Chinese
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