This article presents a review of the radar detection literature, which permits engineers to size radar systems considering various fundamental parameters. The monostatic radar equation is reviewed in detail and its different terms are explained. Its essential parameters are highlighted with evaluation means allowing us to choose their values. Thus, the theoretical Swerling models are recalled for modeling the radar cross-section (RCS) of targets. The fluctuations of the RCS and their probability densities are presented according to the models. In addition, some practical examples are outlined to give ideas on when to use the Swerling models. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is discussed in relation to the reliability performance of radar systems, i.e., detection and false alarm probabilities, but also through the fixed threshold and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection techniques. Equations and radar operating curves (ROCs) to estimate the SNR required to satisfy a given system performance are presented for the different target models. Radar signal integration techniques, such as coherent integration, noncoherent integration, binary integration, and cumulative detection, are also discussed in the context of multiple-observation detection to improve performance. The principle of operation of each of these integration techniques is explained and the equations and ROCs are presented for the different Swerling targets. The various system losses that contribute to the reduction of radar echo energy and signal processing losses that increase the required SNR are also exposed. These losses are included in the radar equation to complete the sizing and allow a more realistic estimate of the detection range.
A Review of Radar Detection Fundamentals
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine ; 39 , 9 ; 4-24
2024-09-01
2038685 byte
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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