On March 10, 1989 an Air Ontario Fokker F-28 crashed during an attempted take-off from the airport at Dryden, Ontario in wet snow conditions. Witnesses reported that snow on the wings appeared to turn to ice during the take-off roll. As part of an investigation into the crash, the National Research Council of Canada Low Temperature Laboratory has undertaken an investigation of the quantity and form of the precipitation adhering the wings during the take-off attempt. Since precipitation measurements during the period of the stopover were unavailable, an empirical formula, utilizing the visibility recorded by the weather observer and by a transmissometer, was used to provide an estimate of 1.38 mm of snowfall. A thermodynamic analysis of the influence of take-off roll upon the precipitation layer on the wings indicated that no significant change caused by the movement of the aircraft occurred during this interval. However, the wing tank fuel temperature during the final stopover was calculated to be below 0 C. Therefore, heat removed from the lower portion of the wet snow layer may have caused freezing of the liquid portion of the snow. As a result when the upper snow layer was blown away during the take-off roll, it likely left behind a very rough ice layer on the wing. This rough layer may have had a very serious effect on the aircraft's aerodynamic performance.


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    Title :

    Freezing Precipitation on Lifting Surfaces


    Contributors:

    Publication date :

    1991


    Size :

    41 pages


    Type of media :

    Report


    Type of material :

    No indication


    Language :

    English




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