After World War II an increasing number of aeromedical investigators became interested in the medical problems of Space Flight, particularly its most challenging aspect: Weightlessness. Until 1950 their efforts remained limited to theoretical deliberations and predictions. Beginning in the early fifties, however, researchers began actively to experiment with weightlessness aboard aircraft in vertical diving flights and later by flying Keplerian parabolic trajectories. H.J. von Beckh made the first weightlessness experiments in aircraft with humans and test animals (water turtles) which were published at the 4th International Astronautical Congress in Zurich and in the Journal of Aviation Medicine. Von Beckh's experiments showed that the subjects during weightlessness had by no means a strong fall reflex, as predicted by Haber and Gerathewohl in their theoretical apaper, in which they evoked the Weber-Fechner Law. The disorientation and lack of neuromuscular coordination occurs only in the first seconds of weightlessness. Later, the control of the vision sense makes aiming movement possible. The incidence of motion sickness was moderate in the weightlessness flights with the Fighter aircraft Fiat G55 and the F 94 C, because the subjects were tied down in the seat and avoided head movements. Later, in the flights with the cargo aircraft C 131, the incidence was considerably higher, because the subjects could move freely and were even allowed to make somersaults, In a later paper (1959) von Beckh showed that weightlessness decreases the acceleration tolerance. This was reconfirmed many years later when the astronauts suffered orthostatic hypotension after their return to the earth.
Beginnings of Airborne Weightlessness Research
1985
67 pages
Report
No indication
English
Stress Physiology , Space Technology , Airborne , Weightlessness , Aerospace medicine , Acceleration tolerance , Animals , Astronauts , Cargo , Fighter aircraft , Humans , Hypotension , Medicine , Motion sickness , Orthostatism , Parabolas , Physiological disorientation , Reflexes , Space flight , Trajectories , Turtles , Warfare , Water
Weightlessness Research at O.N.E.R.a
NTIS | 1968
|Engineering Index Backfile | 1957
|European Patent Office | 2019
|NTRS | 1979
|Safer Weightlessness Simulator
NTRS | 1992
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