Sea transport in the Arctic regions represents just a small part of the world's total shipping, not least because of the difficult environmental conditions encountered in these areas. Winter navigation started about a hundred years ago in the sub-arctic sea areas, where ice cover exists only during the winter months. Navigation in the Arctic proper began about a half century ago. The sailing period increases from year to year with the final goal obviously being year round traffic at a tolerable cost. The phase was reached at the Baltic in the beginning of the 1970s. The paper aims to give a general idea of the basic questions in polar sea transport systems. The demand for transportation and the influence on cargo handling systems and ship technology are discussed. However, details of technical solutions are, as far as possible, avoided.
Sea Transport in Ice-Covered Waters
1988
26 pages
Report
No indication
English
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