Abstract In order to perform the ATC procedures, the controller requires data on actual aircraft location within the area of responsibility. The main source of such data is radars. At different movement stages, different radars are used: when at the aerodrome surface—the airfield surveillance radars; when flying within the aerodrome area—aerodrome surveillance radars; and when on route—route surveillance radars. The ATC radars use two coordinates: They determine the aircraft azimuth and slant distance so that after the radar data processing the controller receives horizontal coordinates of the aircraft. For ATC tasks, both primary and secondary radars are used. Primary radars measure the coordinates based on the signals reflected by the aircraft fuselage. They are fully self-contained as they do not require any onboard or other additional equipment. Secondary radars (radars with active response) require cooperation with the onboard transponders, but they provide more data on the object under surveillance. They are used both independently and jointly with secondary radars; in this case, the combination of the primary and secondary radars is called integrated system complex (ISC). The ISC can also include the primary processing equipment, radio communications equipment, automated direction finder (usually, as standby means). Antenna system, primary processing equipment and other equipment can be the joint for the primary and secondary ISC channels.


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