Abstract Hydrodynamic torque converters are commonly used in self-propelled vehicle transmissions. Torque converters are most efficient in trucks, haulers, tractors and other heavy and utility vehicles operating in variable road conditions and off-road. Torque converters can automatically control the engine torque, but their efficiency is lower compared to mechanical gears. Many automotive hydromechanical transmissions use single-stage, four-wheeled torque converters containing two reactor wheels. In such torque converters, two reactor wheels form a single reactor. This design enables to slightly increase the efficiency as compared to a three-wheeled torque converter, but in practice four-wheel torque converter performance is not much different from that of three-wheel torque converters. In order to improve the efficiency of automotive hydromechanical transmissions, the study considers methods for online control of the four-wheel torque converter load capacity. The design of a torque converter with two reactors is proposed, providing for the online reactor switching depending on the vehicle driving conditions. This solution makes it possible to obtain two ranges through a joint operation of the transmission with the vehicle engine.


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