Efficient transportation is vital for smart cities. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) involves dealing with increasing travel demand, travelers’ safety concerns, efficient route planning, seamless traffic management, and much more. Due to the high complexity of such problems, researchers have used nature-inspired artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to propose various solutions for an ITS. This paper provides a review of such nature-inspired AI techniques used in specific applications in four components of ITS viz., road freight transport, route planning, vehicle control system, and safety and security. Upon witnessing their ample use in various applications in these components, it is observed that these techniques are principally utilized for planning, management, forecasting, and prediction-related tasks. Further, we provide a discussion on the future scope and challenges involved in using these techniques for ITS.


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