This paper analyses the effect of vehicle class and driving behavior on emission factors of gasoline passenger cars through the application of a multivariate statistical approach, developed for the evaluation of emission factors on the basis of driving cycles emission measurements. The method has been applied to seven case studies, individuated in the ARTEMIS data base, considering tasks data relative to testing conditions which can be assumed as 'reference hot conditions', not affected by the effect of specific factors considered in the tasks. Vehicles were divided into classes considering homologation (EURO 1,2,3 and 4) and displacement. Three classes of displacement were assumed (1200-1400 cc, 1400-2000, over 2000) when data were available, otherwise data were grouped to obtain a consistent sample. A multivariate regression method (applying the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method based on principal components) has been used to obtain emission factors. Model considers as response variables the log transform of total mass of emissions detected in a driving cycle (DC), and as explicative variables DC's kinematic parameters, defined by vehicle dynamic equation and by time class frequency of joint velocity/acceleration distribution. Results confirm model ability to explain emission variation as a function of DCs kinematic parameters. Model fit to observed data of case studies resulted good for CO2 less good and very varying for different case studies for CO, HC and NOx, due to larger data spread out mostly caused by individual vehicle effect. Finally, CO2 emissions resulted affected more by driving behavior (and by vehicle displacement class) than by EURO class, while CO, HC and NOx resulted significantly improved by EURO class (especially for urban DCs) and influenced by driving behavior.
Effect of vehicle class and driving behavior on emission factors of gasoline passenger cars
Einfluss der Fahrzeugklasse und des Fahrverhaltens auf die Emissionsfaktoren von Ottomotor-Personenkraftwagen
incl. COST 346 - Final Conference, Transport and Air Pollution, International Symposium, 14 ; 198-205
2005
8 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 5 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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