One important motivation to develop HEVs is the possibility to reduce the CO2 emissions during normal riding. Another is to become independent from conventional fuel by using electric energy for transportation means. As the potential is strongly dependent on the driving cycle properties, HEVs are especially dedicated for urban driving conditions. The hybrid technology can reduce fuel consumption (meaning CO2) in NEDC up to ~30 %. Further autarkic hybrid fuels savings (CO2 reduction) are limited; a customer benefit of extended E-drive must be paid by costs for fuel. Future battery technology improvements will therefore not necessarily focus on fuel reduction but can be used for weight reductions, package improvements, and cost reductions. Plug-In Hybrids (PHEV40) with dominant E-drive phases and electric vehicles (EVs) rely on the CO2 efficiency of the electricity generation and the battery and vehicle system efficiency. The market pull here is more the energy substitution and diversification than a fuel economy increase. The discussion will have to address topics like electricity generation by nuclear power versus coal based generation. Electricity generated by renewable sources like photovoltaic, wind or ocean energy achieves lowest CO2. Bio fuels are generally a very good fuel alternative for the mobility sector, but the availability is limited and the competition between food production and fuel production is unacceptable. Today.s state of the art of hybrid battery technology is NiMH. Specific energy capacity and life time capability is too low and costs are too high for reasonable Plug-In hybrids. Improved battery technology towards Li-Ion is mandatory to take advantage of stationary electricity generation process benefits. The development of Li-Ion needs further development effort to be mature enough for automotive applications. Market introduction is announced for 2009 for mild hybrid applications. Optimal type, size, strategy of usage of battery can be evaluated by modern simulation tools. Especially safety issues of cells, modules and systems need to be finally solved before mass production numbers can rise, suppliers are on track. New concepts for service, maintenance and system diagnosis are required and key to successful implementation of complex battery systems in mass production vehicles. The storage of electric energy will play an important role in future mobility.
Electric energy storage systems for future hybrid vehicles
Elektrische Energiespeichersysteme für zukünftige Hybridfahrzeuge
2008
16 Seiten
Conference paper
Storage medium
English
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