Climate change, decreasing fossil resources, high dependency of the European Union (EU) on primary energy and increasing energy costs in the frame of energy intensive industry lead to a long term discussion about the future energy supply system. As can been seen in Figure 1 the electricity grid should become more intelligent and more complex in order to integrate different types of generation, mostly based on renewable energy sources (RES), and new types of loads like electric vehicles (EV). The need for this kind of networks is based on the following objectives being set by the European Union for 2020 to meet the callenges that have been mentioned at the beginning. Lower specific and total CO2-emissions (20 % - 30 %), increasing energy efficiency (+20 %), significant amount of renewable generation on primary energy demand (20 %), energy savings. To come up to the EU 20-20-20-goals all areas of energy generation, transmission and consumption have to be taken into account. One major issue in this case is the transportation sector and the individual mobility which consumes 30 % of the primary energy in particular (2). In their national development plan the German government estimated the amount of pure EV by 1 Mio. in Germany by 2020 (3) (4). That could lead almost to a significant market penetration of electrified vehicles (including plug-in hybrids) of about 20% in Western Europe by 2020 that need a reliable and secure connection to the electric power system (5). Most of these EV will be used in the urban areas because of the limited range due to the low energy density of the applied battery technologies. The EV will likely replace the typical second car in the first generation. The impact of e-mobility on the electric grid has to be investigated in addition to the increasing amount of dispersed generation based on renewable energy sources. Regarding typical grid planning periods of 15 or more years it is quite essential to know today how the network has to be enhanced or rebuilt to face the new challenges. Therefore it will be necessary to develop several scenarios to estimate the amount of EV combined with dispersed generation under certain circumstances that could be integrated into different types of grid technologies considering the current limits in grid operation (EN 50160). Further the assets have to be identified that would be mostly stressed if the maximum amount of electric vehicle will be exceeded. Based on these results grid planning and operation can be adapted on the new conditions at the very beginning. In this contribution an overview about the development of e-mobility with all related topics will be firstly presented.Then, proper scenarios describing the amount of RES and EV will be shown.These are used for the following grid calculation to estimate the impact of electric vehicles in the low and medium voltage grid.
Integration of electric vehicles into the grid - grid-to-vehicle
2010
17 Seiten, 13 Bilder, 5 Tabellen, 26 Quellen
Conference paper
English
Elektrofahrzeug , Mobilität , EU (Europäische Union) , Primärenergie , Energieverbrauch , erneuerbare Energiequelle , CO2-Emission , Energieeffizienz , Energieeinsparung , Transport , Energienetz (elektrisch) , Niederspannungsnetz , Mittelspannungsnetz , China , Deutschland , Berechnung , Netzplanung , Kosten
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