Modeling the effects of congestion pricing has become the focus of many researchers, and several have analyzed the cordon-based congestion pricing problem. However, few have attempted to investigate area-based congestion pricing because it is considered difficult to analyze precisely. Cordon-based pricing can be expressed easily in a traffic assignment procedure by the addition of a charge to the inbound links of a cordon area, but the impedance of area-based pricing cannot be expressed with a link-based formulation. The objectives of this study are to propose a sound network model for evaluating area-based pricing and to compare the effects of area-based pricing and cordon-based pricing. First, it is pointed out that an exact treatment of area-based congestion pricing requires consideration of the nonadditive trip-chain–based path cost. Such consideration appears complicated, but a simple trip-chain–based network equilibrium model with nonadditive path cost is formulated here, and a convex minimization problem that is equivalent to the model is presented. This formulation enables the evaluation of the effect of area-based congestion charging more exactly than the traditional trip-based model, even for a large network. Finally, the model is applied to a real urban area (Okinawa, Japan) and area-based pricing is compared with cordon-based pricing. In this example application, the optimal toll level for area-based pricing is found to be higher than that for cordon-based pricing.


    Access

    Download

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Difference between Area-Based and Cordon-Based Congestion Pricing


    Subtitle :

    Investigation by Trip-Chain–Based Network Equilibrium Model with Nonadditive Path Costs


    Additional title:

    Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board


    Contributors:


    Publication date :

    2006-01-01




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English



    Cordon-Based Optimal Congestion Pricing

    Zhang, Xiaoning / Yang, Hai | ASCE | 2002


    Cordon-Based Optimal Congestion Pricing

    Zhang, X. / Yang, H. / American Society of Civil Engineers | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2002


    The optimal cordon-based network congestion pricing problem

    Zhang, Xiaoning | Online Contents | 2004