The extension of planning tools to consider the impact of new technologies and mobility trends, such as ride-hailing (RH) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), is a pressing need among transportation planners and decision-makers. This paper discusses the incorporation of empty (zero-occupancy) trips attributable to RH and CAVs into a four-step planning model. We estimate RH empty trips using an exogenous constant-multiplier. For CAVs, we consider the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) generated by empty “return home” and “park elsewhere” trips. The “return home” and “park elsewhere” trip fractions are determined using a binary choice model based on distance to home and average parking cost at the destination zone. Parking location choice is modeled using a logit approach that considers parking costs and distance to parking location. The methods developed in this work are incorporated into a model of the Dallas-Fort Worth region, U.S., that was previously extended to account for RH and CAVs. Results suggest that, for a 40% penetration of CAVs and a 4% mode share by RH, empty trips add 22 million VMT and have significant impacts on vehicle hours traveled and traffic congestion. While results depend on modeling assumptions, our experiment illustrates the value of extended models in understanding the implications of policies such as parking costs and limiting the movement of empty vehicles. The four-step process is still the primary tool used for long-term planning, making our proposed modeling approach a feasible option for planning organizations to consider.


    Access

    Download

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Accounting for Ride-Hailing and Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Empty Trips in a Four-Step Travel Demand Model


    Additional title:

    Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board


    Contributors:


    Publication date :

    2022-08-08




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English



    Factors Influencing Willingness to Pool in Ride-Hailing Trips

    Hou, Yi / Garikapati, Venu / Weigl, Dustin et al. | Transportation Research Record | 2020



    Dynamic Four-Step Planning Model of Empty Repositioning Trips for Personal Autonomous Vehicles

    Levin, Michael W. / Smith, Hannah / Boyles, Stephen D. | ASCE | 2019


    Ride-hailing vehicle identification

    KAWASHIMA KIYOTAKA / ZHANG TING | European Patent Office | 2021

    Free access

    RIDE-HAILING VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION

    KAWASHIMA KIYOTAKA / ZHANG TING | European Patent Office | 2020

    Free access