The forces ignored by the Keplerian model are called perturbations. They include gravitational terms due to the Earth's mass distribution, attraction of other bodies (Moon and Sun), and atmospheric friction. These forces are very weak compared to the central gravitational attraction and their effect is a progressive variation of the Keplerian orbit. The evolution of the orbital parameters is described by Gauss or Lagrange equations. These differential equations can be solved by numerical methods, known as special perturbation methods, or with simplifications by analytical methods, known as general perturbation methods. The latter helps understanding the main effects of each type of perturbation. In particular, the first zonal term due to the Earth flattening is responsible for the nodal precession effect, which is used to obtain natural sun‐synchronous orbits.
Perturbed Motion
Space Trajectories ; 33-66
2024-12-24
34 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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