The penetration of renewable energy sources in power networks and catastrophic power outages in grids has significant effects on designing wide‐area monitoring, protection, automation, and control (WAMPAC) systems. Remote terminal units (RTUs) and SCADA systems communicate with WAMPAC functionalities through established communication protocols, enabling seamless data exchange, control commands, and event reporting. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) and intelligent electronic device (IED) integration with the WAMPAC system in power networks enable enhanced grid visibility, situational awareness, and control, by providing synchronized real‐time measurements, local protection, control capabilities, and data acquisition functions. PMUs provide precise time‐synchronized measurements of voltage and current phasors by applying different phasor estimation techniques (discrete Fourier and Hartley transform, Taylor weighted least square, and phase‐locked loop technique), after preprocessing the raw data. IEDs, a multifunction device, deliver protection, control, monitoring, and automation functionalities and use standardized communication protocols to transmit measurement data, status information, and control commands over communication networks. Communication networks facilitate the exchange of data and control commands among several components (PMU, IED, RTU, and SCADA) of the WAMPAC system. The data collected from different components of WAMPAC are transmitted using communication protocols (DNP3, IEC61850, MODBUS, and IEC60870) to central control centers for analysis and automating decisions in wide‐area monitoring, protection, and control.
Wide‐Area Monitoring, Protection, Automation and Control (WAMPAC) System
2025-06-24
25 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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