This paper details the third Real-Time Simulation (RTS) experiment carried out by NLR, GA-ASI, and ISD to investigate the Air Traffic Control (ATC) procedures required to safely integrate Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) into European civilian airspace. The focus was on the usage of Detect and Avoid (DAA), a key technology that helps remote pilots to electronically ‘see’ the traffic situation surrounding their aircraft. The DAA procedures described in RTCA DO-365B were tested using two NLR simulators: the NLR ATC Research Simulator (NARSIM) for ATC simulation, and the Multi UAS Supervision Testbed (MUST) for RPAS simulation. The GA-ASI Conflict Prediction and Display System (CPDS) supplied the DAA function, which meets RTCA DO-365B requirements. In an enhancement to our previous experiments, the DAA system now included TCAS II v7.1 collision avoidance logic and could automatically execute TCAS resolution advisories in lost link situations. Scenarios considered conflicts in controlled and uncontrolled airspace, during RPAS aerial work, in the Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) of Rotterdam airport and in Amsterdam Sector South. Three air traffic controllers, five airline pilots, and an active MALE RPAS pilot participated in the experiment. The RPAS pilot had to evaluate alerts, liaise with ATC, and take suitable action as per DO-365B procedures to resolve conflicts. The results indicated that DAA improved the RPAS pilot's situational awareness, and its value was even more evident in uncontrolled airspace, particularly during interactions with non-cooperative intruders. After automatic execution of TCAS resolution advisories during lost link, controllers preferred the RPAS to automatically revert to its last cleared altitude to reduce the likelihood of secondary conflicts and ease controller workload. Several recommendations have been proposed, including additional DAA alert types for terminal area conflicts, and adherence to right of way rules by RPAS pilots to enhance predictability during DAA encounters.


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    Titel :

    MALE RPAS Integration into European Airspace: Real-Time Simulation Analysis of Operations with Detect and Avoid


    Beteiligte:


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    01.10.2023


    Format / Umfang :

    1840940 byte





    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Elektronische Ressource


    Sprache :

    Englisch





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