The importance of crew decision making to aviation safety has been well established through NTSB accident analyses: Crew judgment and decision making have been cited as causes or contributing factors in over half of all accidents in commercial air transport, general aviation, and military aviation. Yet the bulk of research on decision making has not proven helpful in improving the quality of decisions in the cockpit. One reason is that traditional analytic decision models are inappropriate to the dynamic complex nature of cockpit decision making and do not accurately describe what expert human decision makers do when they make decisions. A new model of dynamic naturalistic decision making is offered that may prove more useful for training or aiding cockpit decision making. Based on analyses of crew performance in full-mission simulation and National Transportation Safety Board accident reports, features that define effective decision strategies in abnormal or emergency situations have been identified. These include accurate situation assessment (including time and risk assessment), appreciation of the complexity of the problem, sensitivity to constraints on the decision, timeliness of the response, and use of adequate information. More effective crews also manage their workload to provide themselves with time and resources to make good decisions. In brief, good decisions are appropriate to the demands of the situation and reflect the crew's metacognitive skill. Effective crew decision making and overall performance are mediated by crew communication. Communication contributes to performance because it assures that all crew members have essential information, but it also regulates and coordinates crew actions and is the medium of collective thinking in response to a problem. This presentation will examine the relation between communication that serves to build performance. Implications of these findings for crew training will be discussed.


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    Titel :

    Shared Problem Models and Crew Decision Making


    Beteiligte:

    Kongress:

    Western European Association for Aviation Psychology ; 1994 ; Dublin, Ireland


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    01.01.1994


    Medientyp :

    Preprint


    Format :

    Keine Angabe


    Sprache :

    Englisch


    Schlagwörter :


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    Crew Decision Making under Stress

    J. Orasanu | NTIS | 1992


    Crew decision making under stress

    Orasanu, J. | NTRS | 1992


    Collaborative Problem Solving in the Cockpit: Crew Communication and Strategic Decision Making

    Krems, J. / Severin, K. / Hark, M. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1995


    Situation Awareness: Its Role in Flight Crew Decision Making

    Orasanu, J. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1995