The efficient routing and distribution of goods are vital to the survival and sustainability of any smart city. Currently, different truck companies route their trucks on a road network that is often congested and unbalanced in time and space with respect to traffic load distribution. The lack of coordination among truck operators often leads to long waiting times at pick-up and drop-off points and/or along popular routes that trucks usually follow due to overlaps. Due to connectivity and the Internet of Things new opportunities open for centrally coordinated solutions in order to achieve better load balancing in space and time for trucks across the road network. In this chapter, we present a centrally coordinated approach for routing freight in urban environments where truck traffic loads are balanced in time and space in an effort to improve mobility and reduce cost. We assume that freight is moved by trucks using the road network and truck fleets consist of a mix of diesel and electric trucks. The electric trucks add the constraint of charging time, charging station locations and driving range that is less than that of diesel. The routing problem is formulated as an optimization problem with several constraints. A co-simulation load-balancing approach is used to generate routes for trucks that reduce the overall cost. The co-simulation approach employs a traffic simulator in a feedback loop that replaces simple mathematical models often used to predict the states of the network. The simulation model captures the complexity and dynamics of the network and generates predicted states that are used to generate optimum routes and achieve load balancing. Numerical experiments are performed using a traffic simulator of the Los Angeles/Long Beach Metropolitan road traffic network that includes two major ports. The simulation results demonstrate strong potential for the proposed centralized truck routing system to reduce the impact of trucks on traffic and make their routing more efficient.
Centrally Coordinated Routing of Freight in Smart Cities
Springer Tracts on Transportation, Traffic
22.12.2024
22 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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