Paper presents a comparison between experimental investigation of an impact of human skull and finite element modelling of the free fall using Finite Element Method (FEM). The experiments consist of a series of drop tests conducted using a metal head form instrumented with an accelerometer. These tests are used to investigate protective capacity of helmets. The experiment is designed as a controlled impact where a helmet is positioned on a metal head form and then dropped in a guided fall. As the target surface, various steel test anvils (flat, edge, hemisphere or a horseshoe type) are used to simulate different impact surfaces. The head form is instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer. From the resultant acceleration-time curve peak acceleration and the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) are determined. Results from the experimental measurement are used to validate the results from the finite element simulations. The FE simulations use a detailed three-dimensional model of human skull, which was developed based on a series of computer tomography scans of 512x512 pixel resolution taken at l mm distances. The FE model of human skull was filled with a simplified model of human brain. The geometry of the brain was based on a series of MRI scans of the same individual. The brain is modelled as a homogeneous inviscid fluid. A case study of low-velocity impact to different regions of the human head (e.g. frontal impact and impact in the occipital region) was also studied. The detailed FE model of human skull and brain is used not only for the HIC assessment, but also to study different brain injury mechanics originating not only from linear acceleration, but also from rotational acceleration, which is a possible injury mechanism frequent in bicycle accidents when the rotation of the head is caused by the relative motion at the helmet-surface interface. After the validation of the FE model it will be used for evaluation of the influence parameters in protective helmet design.
Comparison of finite element and experimental simulation of human head response to impact
2005
10 Seiten, 6 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 21 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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