Transportation of high pour point waxy crude oils presents special design and operation problems. Rheology and physical properties of such crude oils is not sufficiently defined by the pour point. One must also know the apparent viscosity and the static yield stress, under conditions that replicate those expected to be encountered in normal and upset operations. This presentation will focus on the general nature of high pour point waxy crude oils and some of the special design problems they introduce for transportation systems. Engineering design of waxy crude oil pipelines often involves an economic cost/benefit balance between a heavy-duty brute force mechanical system which will handle all flowing, shutdown and restart situations and a mechanical system which will handle normal situations (i,e., the most likely shutdown and restart situations) and which relies upon well-planned operating procedures to minimize risk due to extremely unlikely shutdown and restart situations. In the case of waxy oils, design also must take into account the need for control of routine deposition of waxy material on interior surfaces of the pipeline. Design of transportation systems must consider the entire range of fluid properties and rheological behavior of high pour point waxy crude oils. Responsible design procedures must attempt to judiciously quantify and plan for the risks involved, using all physical property, phase behavior, and rheological information obtained from representative samples of the oil(s) to be transported.
Transportation systems for waxy crude oils
1998
Seiten
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Datenträger
Englisch
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