The primary goal of this study was to determine how many electric vehicles may be simultaneously charged on a typical residential transformer before an upgrade is required. The results of this study will be coupled with a geographically based probability study to estimate the cost of transformer change-outs due to the addition of electric vehicles. Salt River Project serves the metropolitan Phoenix area and understadably has pronounced summer evening peaks due to air conditioning load. Two basic load shapes were used as a base to add varying numbers of electric vehicles until a particular transformer's rating was exceeded. The transformer's rating was determined using a method described an ANSI C57.91-1981. The transformer rating model considers the impact of changing load factors. In the demand-side management, time of use scenario, the potential peak was lower than that of the non-time of use scenario. This was due to a much higher transformer load factor. The study also looked at load control measures to move the electric vehicle charging load to off peak. The best overall scenario from a distribution transformer viewpoint is the non-time of use scenario with the electric vehicle added at peak. This however is a worst case scenario from a transmission and generation viewpoint. Further study is needed to find an optimum point belancing the viewpoints.
Impact of electric vehicle load on residential tranformer ratings
Auswirkung der Ladung von Batterien für Elektroautos auf die Bemessung von Haustransformatoren
EVS, International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 12 ; 2 ; 139-147
1994
9 Seiten, 3 Bilder, 6 Tabellen, 1 Quelle
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Impact of Electric Vehicle Load on Residential Transformer Ratings
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